A septic tank is the first stage of wastewater treatment as it leaves your home. It holds waste until microorganisms have decomposed most of the solids and dissolved some of the liquids. Contact Septic Tank Armadale now!
It’s a buried box with inspection ports and manhole access for pumping. The liquid waste (effluent) exits into a drain field, or leach field.
A septic tank is a buried water-tight container made of concrete, fiberglass or polyethylene that collects wastewater from household toilets, showers, sinks, dishwashers and washing machines. It holds the waste for a time to allow solids to separate from liquid. During this process, weighty masses such as feces and human waste sink to the bottom of the tank forming sludge while oil and other light materials float to the top creating scum. Compartments and a special outlet prevent sludge and scum from leaving the tank with wastewater, which is referred to as effluent.
Bacteria in the septic tank break down the waste and liquefy it into a semi-liquid state. This liquid then exits the septic tank through the drain field or leach field where it is absorbed into the soil. The septic system also includes a vent that allows gases that build up inside the tank to escape.
Most septic systems use the traditional design of a tank, distribution box and leach field. It is important to have the septic tank regularly pumped and maintained to avoid blockage. This is usually done by a professional septage waste transporter who will inspect, measure layers of the septic tank and pump out sludge when necessary.
A septic system is more environmentally friendly than hooking up to public sewer and can be used on rural properties where there are no city services. Having a septic system can also save money on plumbing costs and home maintenance and repairs. However, it is important to keep in mind that a septic system will require more frequent visits from plumbers and may require additional chemicals than a conventional sewer system.
To ensure the septic system is properly functioning it is recommended to have the septic tank inspected and pumped every two years. Regularly checking for septic tank problems and maintaining the septic system will minimize the risk of expensive damage to the absorption field and other components of the septic system. It is also recommended to map out the location of the septic tank and system and mark them with stakes or a fence to prevent disturbing them during home maintenance, yard work or construction projects.
What is a septic system?
A septic system is an on-site wastewater treatment system that manages the waste and bacteria from your house sinks, toilets, showers, dishwasher and laundry by natural processes and microorganisms. Wastewater goes through a series of processes starting in an underground tank and ending with a soil drain field (also known as a leach field) or sand filter in the yard.
Every time you flush or run water in your home, wastewater enters the septic tank and moves into three distinct layers: the sludge layer at the bottom, the scum layer on top and the liquid effluent in between. As the wastewater moves through your plumbing, it breaks down organic matter and filters out impurities.
Solids are left in the sludge layer where they are slowly absorbed into and digested by anaerobic bacteria. During this process, the solids are transformed into methane and carbon dioxide gases that escape the septic tank through an air vent into the surrounding soil.
The liquid part of your wastewater leaves the septic tank through an outlet pipe that leads to the absorption field or sand filter. An outlet baffle keeps sludge and scum from leaving the tank through this opening and contaminating the drain field or sand filter.
Once the liquid wastewater exits the septic tank, it seeps through a buried network of perforated pipes into the soil (also called a drain field or leach field). The soil microorganisms in the drain field naturally treat the untreated wastewater by filtration, evaporation and decomposition.
It is important to keep the septic tank and all other components of your septic system properly maintained. You can do this by having your septic tank pumped regularly and keeping records of inspections, pumping and maintenance. You should also avoid driving and parking heavy vehicles or equipment over the septic tank and drain field.
In addition to causing septic system problems, improper disposal of household waste can pollute local waterways and drinking water wells. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus can contribute to unhealthy conditions in nearby lakes, rivers or streams by promoting excessive algae growth that consumes oxygen in the water and kills fish and other aquatic life. In addition, pathogenic bacteria can enter drinking water wells or surface waters and cause illness in humans and animals.
How does a septic system work?
All wastewater from household plumbing drains into a sewer line that slopes toward your septic tank. After it enters the tank, solid waste sinks to the bottom and is partially digested by bacteria. Oils and other fats rise to the top of the tank to form a layer of scum. Liquid wastewater, or effluent, exits the septic tank through a pipe.
Floating waste materials are separated from the liquid by a filter or baffles in the septic tank. The heavy solids and the sludge at the bottom of the tank are decomposed further by bacteria, leaving behind clarified water. The oily scum at the top of the tank is removed from the wastewater by a pump when it is time for maintenance.
The septic tank also contains an outlet pipe, which should have a screen to block large particles. The wastewater that leaves the septic tank is slowly dispersed into the soil in an absorption field, also known as a drain field or leach field. In conventional septic systems, the septic tank is connected to a drainage area with perforated pipes buried underground (see image below). The drain field slowly releases effluent into the soil. As the wastewater seeps into the ground, natural processes remove disease-causing organisms, organic matter and most nutrients, except for nitrogen and some salts.
When the septic system is functioning correctly, you should not see or smell any wastewater in or around your home. If you do, this is an indication that the septic system is failing and it is time to call your local septic service company for maintenance.
Septic tanks can fail from a number of reasons, but the most common is that the drain field has been saturated with sewage. When this occurs, you should look for signs that the drain field is saturated such as:
Alternative septic systems use pumps or gravity to help wastewater trickle through sand, organic material or constructed wetlands and evaporate before it reaches the absorption field. While these systems are a great solution for septic tanks that cannot handle the volume of wastewater produced, they still require an absorption field to function properly.
What are the benefits of a septic system?
There are a few benefits to having a septic system in your home. For one, it reduces your need to use public sewers, which can be costly. Septic systems also provide better wastewater treatment than relying solely on the natural process of soil absorption. Lastly, they are environmentally friendly because they help to cut pollution and encourage sustainable septic practices.
Septic tanks are typically made of concrete or plastic, and they come in various sizes to fit the needs of different homes. They are built to last, but they still require regular maintenance. They need to be pumped regularly to ensure that the solid waste and bacteria are removed, as well as the liquid effluent. In addition, homeowners should avoid using garbage disposals or grinders, as they can increase the amount of solid waste that is discharged to the septic tank.
As the wastewater passes through your septic tank, it is broken down by the bacteria inside. The heavier solids, such as oils and fats, settle to the bottom of the tank and form a layer of sludge. The light solids, such as household waste, float to the top of the tank and are known as the scum layer. The liquid wastewater is then released into the absorption field through pipes that are buried in gravel trenches.
The wastewater is absorbed into the soil and filtered by microbes, which remove any remaining contaminants. As a result, the water is safe for drinking and is also used to water gardens or lawns on your property. This recycled water also provides nutrients to the soil, which is beneficial for nearby vegetation and wildlife.
Another benefit of having a septic system is that it can be more affordable than connecting to public sewers, especially for those living in rural areas. Septic systems can also help to reduce your carbon footprint because they do not rely on fossil fuels to transport waste to sewage treatment plants. As a homeowner, you can take steps to further reduce your environmental impact by using green cleaning products and recycling your trash.